Internal-combustion engine.



M, A. sonou. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE- APPLICATION HLED HAY l2. 1915f P5555555 Dec. 25.1 17.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I flTTORHEY M. A. BOLTON. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED MAY I2, I916;

Patented Dec. 25, 1917.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

C i 4 4 w\/ c: c 5 s c 4 c a c UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HELL A. BOLTON, 0F DETROIT, MICHIGAN.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed May 12, 1916. Serial No. 97,187.

To all whom it may concern: Be it known that I, MELL A.-BOLTON, citizen of the United States, residing at Detroit, county of Wayne, State of Michigan,

have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Internal-Combustion Engines, and declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it pertains to make and use the same, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification.

My invention relates to internal combustion engines and the object of my improveillustrated in the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a cross section axially through the working cylinder and two auxiliary cylinders of an engine embodying my inven- .at the top thereof and having respectivelypistons *b c and 01 therein connected through connecting rods 12 c and'ol to the wrist pin connected with the crank shaft of k the engine.

a is the oil well extending beneath the crank shaft of the engine. a indicates the curved bottom walls of oil pans located just above the oil well a and provided with side walls a, said-walls having their upper edges in a common level, and bordering an opening connecting with the oil well a.

is formed with a cylindrical co-axial bore or cavity e. 6 indicates apertures extending radially through the outer portion of the wall of each of the? wrist pins c, and forming a communication between the cavity and said pin and its exterior or bearing surface. e is a tube curved as indicated in Fig. 1, so that its outer ends extend in the direction in which the crank is turned and the opening is in a, plane at right angles to its line of motion. The tube 6 extends from the wrist pin to a point such that it shall dip into an oil pan (1? a near the bottom thereof and thus act to scoop up a portion of the oil in said pan and convey it to the cavity a from which it shall be gradually forced to the bearing surface of the wrist pin through the apertures e by centrifugal force.

In Fig. 1 the working cylinder 0 is arranged verticallv above the crank shaft e 8 The cylinder 6 through which air is forced into the cylinder 0 as hereinafter described is shown as branching to the right of the working cylinder and the cylinder d through Patented Dec. 25, 1917."

which an inflammable mixture is forced into the working cylinder is shown as branching to the left of the latter.

b is an aperture or series of apertures in one plane at right angles to the axis, of the cylinder 6 through the wall thereof located so that the piston b shall cover said apertures except at the lower end of the stroke of said piston at which point the apertures are uncovered to admit air therethrough to supply the vacuum formed in the cylinder b by the descent of the piston o in a method well'understood in the art. 6 is an intake pipe communicating with the apertures b and provided with a throttle valve 6".

c c are apertures formed through the walls of the cylinders a at such a position that they shall be uncovered at the lower end of the stroke of the working piston c to discharge the products of combustion. 0 c are the exhaust passages communicating with the apertures 0.

d d d and d are the apertures, intake passage and throttle valve appurtenant to the cylinder d and entirely analogous to those described in connection with the cylinder b.

d is a carburetor or means for supplying fuel to the air being drawn into the cylinder e indicates the wrist pins. Each of these 01. b is a passage leading from the upper .end of the cylinder 6 to the upper end of the cylinder 0. b is a puppet valve opening outer air and adapted to be put into communication with the cylinder 0 for the purpose hereinafter described. 0 is a puppet valve in the passage 0 opening toward the cylinder 0.

The outer ends of the connectin rods 7) c d are formed in the shape of Spi es, or

balls, as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1 and indicated in the cross section of Fig 2.

These balls lit in sockets 0 in the cylinder and are held in place by a split ring a and an engaging ring fitting over a ball on the split ring 0 and being confined by the lag-screw 0 a are conduits or passages leading from a groove in the periphery of the piston radially inward and communicating with the'bearmg surface of the socket o f is a yoke pivotally secured upon the wristpin e. The connecting rod 0 (Fig. 1) is rigidly secured in the yoke f with its axis intersectin the axis of the wrist pin. There are lugs 2 f on each side of the yoke f at the top thereof adjacent to and on opposite sides of the point at which the connecting rod 0 is fastened'to said yoke. The inner end of the connecting rod 6 is ivoted to the lug J and the inner end of t e connect-ing ro d is ivoted to the lug f".

The engine so ar asitscycle isconcerned operates as follows:

If we consider that there is a compressed and ignited charge in the cylinder 0 above the piston c and the crank is turning in the direction indicated by the arrows in Fig. 1

the piston c descends imparting the force 0 the charge above 'it to the crank shaft and the pistons b and a! are drawn inward.

When the piston 0 passes over the aperture 0 the exhaust takes place, the gases being driven out throughthe exhaust pipe 0 and because of their inertia drawing a slight vacuum in said cylinder which is supplied by fresh air from the passage 0', the valve 0 being drawn from its seat by the suction due to the inertia of the discharged exhaust gases. The pistons b d are drawn inward producing a partial vacuum above them until they pass respectively the apertures b and d when air rushes in through the intake pipe I) and a combustible mixture through the intake piped to supply the vacuum'in;theirrespective cylinders. Upon the further turning of the crank shaft, the piston b begins to ascend covering the apertures b thepiston 0 covering the aperture c 'and the piston d covering the charge passage g.

aperture 01 and each of said istons compressing the gases above it. wing to the position of the cylinder 1) and the point of attachment of its connectin rod to the crank, such piston is a little in advance of the plston o and for a similar reason the piston d is a little behind the piston a. The charge of air above thepiston b will be forced through the pipe I), past the valve 6 into the cylinder 0; above its piston 0 and the gases above the last named piston will be highly compressed and thereby heated to a high temperature. The inflammable mixture will now be forced in from the cylinder all into the cylinder 0 above its piston 0 and will be ignited as it enters thus heating the charge in the cylinder 0 and raising the pressure above the piston c which then descends on its working stroke as before described. A

The above cycles are illustrated diagrammatically in Figs; 6 to 8 inclusive. In Fig. 5 the working stroke has just commenced. In Fig. 6 the exhaust from the cylinder 0 has taken place and the air is being supplied to the cylinder 6. In Fig. 7 compression has commenced in the cylinder 6 and in Fig. 8 the air charge has just been transferred from the cylinder 12 to the cylinder 0 and the charge of explosive mixture which has already been considerably compressed is bem forced into the cylinder above the piston haust manifolds or pipes. from which(i re spectively, lead discharge pipes g an g; The pipes 9 have adjacent openings into an enlargement g from which leads a dis- By this arrangement an injecting action is secured. By one of the pipes 9' or g discharging its gas draws a vacuum in the other of said pipes and facilitates the discharge. of v the gases therethrough.

As the ports (1* are-opened suddenly there is a fl(iluick strong inrush of air which serves to e ciently spray a heavy hydrocarbon liquid. When a separate c linder-"isused as a pump the clearance may e small and the indraft' is especially strong.

What I claim is:

1. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a working cylinder and piston therein, said piston being adapted to compress a charge of gas above it in said' cylinder, a second cylinder and piston therein, and means whereby the movement of the piston in said second cylinder shall draw in a charge of combustible gas and force it into said working cylinder duringthe compression of the latter.

2. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a working cylinder and pieton therein, said piston being adapted to compress a charge of gas above it in said cylinder, a. second cylinder and piston therein, and means whereby the movement of the piston in said second cylinder shall draw in a charge of combustible gas and force it into said working cylinder during the compression of the latter, a third cylinder, means whereby said third cylinder draws in a charge of air and compresses the same and forces it into said working cylinder during the compression of the latter.

3. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a working cylinder and piston therein, said piston being adapted to compress a charge ofgas above it in said cylinder, a second cylinder and piston therein, and means whereby the movement of the piston in said second cylinder shall draw in a charge of combustible gas and force it into said working cylinder during the compression of the latter, a third cylinder, means whereby said third cylinder draws in a charge of air and compresses the same and forces it into said working cylinder during the compression of the latter, the discharge from saidthird cylinder into the working cylinder occurring before the discharge from said second cylinder to said working cylinder.

at. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a crank shaft, a working cylinder extending radially to said shaft, a piston in said working cylinder, a crank on said shaft, said piston being united by a connecting rod to said crank, a cylinder located upon each side of said working cylinder and extending radially to said shaft, pistons in each of the last named cylinders having connecting rods joined to said crank, means for supplying a combustible gas to one of said cylinders and air to the other of said cylinders, the cylinder to which the combustible gas is-supplied being on the side of the working cylinder from which the crank moves in its rotation and the cylinder to which air is supplied being upon the side.

of said working cylinder toward which the crank moves in itsv rotation.

5. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a crank shaft, a-working cylinder extending radially to said shaft, a

- piston in said working cylinder, a crank on said shaft, said piston being united by a connecting rod to said crank, a cylinder located upon each side of said working cylinder and extending radially to said shaft,

pistons in each of the last named cylinders having connecting rods joined to said crank,

means for supplying a combustible gas to one of said cylinders and air to the other of said cylinders, the cylinder to which the combustible gas is suppliedbeing on the side of the working cylinder from which the crank moves in its rotation and the cylinder to which air is supplied being upon the side of said working cylinder toward which the crank moves in its rotation, apertures in the walls of said cylinders adapted to be uncovered by the pistons in the outer ends of their strokes for the purpose described.

6. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a crank shaft, a working cylinder extending radially to said shaft, a pis ton in said working cylinder, a crank on 7 said shaft, said piston being united by a con-' necting rod to said crank, a cylinder located upon each side of said working cylinder and said working cylinder toward which thecrank moves in its rotation, a passage communicating with the outer air and leading to said working cylinder and an inwardly opening automatic valve in said passage.

7. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a crank shaft, a working cylinder extending radially to said shaft, a piston in said working cylinder, a crank on said shaft, said piston being united by a connecting rod to. said crank, a cylinder located upon each side of said working cylinder and extending radially to said shaft, pistons in each of the last named cylinders having connecting rods joined to said crank, means for supplying a combustible gas to one of said cylinders and air to the other of said cylinders, the cylinder to which the combustible gas is supplied being on the side of the working cylinder from which the crank moves in its rotation and the .cylinder to which air is supplied being upon the other side of said working cylinder toward which the crank moves in its rotation, apertures in the walls of said cylinders adapted to be uncovered by the pistons in the outer ends of the strokes, a yoke in said crank, the working piston being rigidly secured to said yoke and the pistons in the other cylinders being secured tolugs on opposite sides of said yoke.

8. The combination of a working cylinder and a piston adapted to reciprocate therein, an auxiliary cylinder having its end closed so as to secure a minimum clearance, an. intake port to said auxiliary cylinder, and means for opening said intake port at the outer end of the stroke of said piston, a'carbureter connecting with said intake port, and means for forcing the charge in said auxiliary cylinder into the working cylinder. 9. In a-ninternal combustion engine, the combination of a. working cylinder and piston therein a second cylinder and piston therein, and means whereby the movement of the piston in said second cylinder shall draw in a char e of combustible gas and force it into-sai working cylinder, a third cylinder, means whereby said third c linder shall draw in a charge of air'and orce the same into said working cylinder.

' 10. In an internal combustlon engine, the

combination of a crank shaft, a working cylinder extending radially to said shaft, a piston in said working cylinder, a crank on said shaft, said piston being united by a connecting rod to said cra a cylinder located upon each side of said working cylinder and extending radially to said shaft, pistons in each of the last named cylindershaving connecting rods joined to said crank, means for supplying a combustible gas to one of said cylinders and air to the other of said cylinders, the cylinder to which the combustible.

gas is supplied being on the sideof the working cylinder from which the crank moves 1n its rotation and the cylinder to which air is supplied being upon the side of said working cylinder toward which the crank moves in its rotation, a delivery as sage leading from each of the side cylin ers to said working cylinder, a non return valve in said a$age opening toward the workin cylin er, and a spring acting to hold said valve u on its seat.

In testimony w ereof, I sign this'specification.

MELL A. BOLTON 

